L'ingegno italiano questa volta sperimenta e crea a fini umanitari. Lo scopo è di aiutare i popoli dei paesi in via di sviluppo. Si stima che nel mondo vi siano almeno 768 milioni di persone che muoiono perché non hanno accesso all'acqua potabile. Ogni giorno si spengono 1400 bambini sotto i 5 anni per malattie trasmesse dall'acqua.
(Warka Water Tower posto in Etiopia - Artistic Illustration - Credits: Architecture and Vision)
L'architetto Arturo Vittori ha deciso di portare il suo contributo dedicandosi ad un progetto utile a risolvere il problema dopo aver visitato il nord-est dell'Etiopia e visto direttamente le condizioni in cui vivevano gli abitanti dei villaggi remoti. Le persone, dichiara il designer, risiedono in un bellissimo ambiente naturale, ma spesso sono senza acqua, senza elettricità, servizi igienici e docce. Per sopravvivere le donne e i loro figli camminano chilometri per raggiungere laghetti pieni di vermi contaminati da rifiuti umani. Lì raccolgono acqua in contenitori di plastica o zucche vuote e secche (usate come raccoglitori) e, tornano a casa attraverso strade insidiose, trasportando questi pesanti recipienti. Un iter, questo, che richiede ore e mette in pericolo i bambini, esponendoli a malattie. Inoltre miseria e difficoltà li allontana dalla scuola. In questo circolo vizioso non è possibile sconfiggere o ridurre il grado di povertà.
(Warka Water Tower 2 posto in Etiopia, render realizzato da Elias Farah - Artistic Illustration - Credits: Architecture and Vision)
La soluzione più ovvia per risolvere la carenza d'acqua sarebbe scavare dei pozzi, ma la perforazione profonda oltre i 500 metri negli altopiani rocciosi dell'Etiopia risulterebbe troppo costosa. Anche quando un pozzo è scavato, il mantenimento delle pompe e la garanzia di un collegamento elettrico affidabile renderebbero il progetto inverosimile e poco promettente.
La drammatica situazione vista da vicino ha spinto e motivato l'architetto Vittori ad agire. La soluzione è stata trovata nella realizzazione di una struttura gigantesca il cui fine è quello di raccogliere l'acqua.
(Warka Water Towers, contenitore dell'acqua - Artistic Illustration - Credits: Architecture and Vision)
È stata inventata e realizzata una sorta di torre denominata "Warka Water". Essa è progettata per fornire acqua pulita e assicurare sostenibilità ambientale, finanziaria e sociale a lungo termine. Una volta che i residenti hanno il know how necessario, essi saranno in grado di insegnare ad altri villaggi e comunità come costruire le Waka Water Towers.
Ogni torre costa circa 550 dollari e può essere costruita in meno di una settimana con un team di quattro persone e materiali disponibili localmente e quindi ecologici.
(Arturo Vittori, che fissa i nodi durante la costruzione del Warka Water Towers - Artistic Illustration - Credits: Architecture and Vision)
Invece di guardare alla tecnologia occidentale, Vittori si è lasciato ispirare dall'albero Warka, un gigante che sfida la gravità con la sua chioma a cupola. Questa pianta originaria dell'Etiopia produce frutti ed è utilizzata come luogo di raccolta della comunità. Per rendere le persona indipendenti, specialmente in un contesto così rurale, si deve puntare ad un progetto sostenibile e di garantita longevità.
L'impiego di fibre naturali aiuta la torre ad integrarsi con il paesaggio sia visivamente sia con il contesto ambientale che con le tecniche tradizionali locali.
Le splendide torri chiamate Warka Water svettano in alto per quasi 30 metri. Ognuna di esse è in grado di raccogliere più di 90 litri di acqua potabile al giorno, accumulando vapore acqueo atmosferico. Il principio su cui si basa è quello della condensazione dell'aria che produce acqua attraverso l'escursione termica durante le fasi giorno-notte.
(Warka Water Towers, vista frontale della struttura - Artistic Illustration-Credits: Architecture and Vision)
Ogni pilastro è costituito da due sezioni: un esoscheletro semi-rigido costruito legando steli di giunco o bambù insieme a una rete in plastica interna, che ricorda i sacchetti di arance. Il nylon e le fibre in polipropilene fungono da impalcatura per la condensazione, e, come le goccioline di rugiada, essi seguono la maglia sino ad arrivare a un un bacino alla base della struttura. È incorporato, inoltre, un pannello solare per l'illuminazione notturna.
Il design è stato realizzato dopo due anni di lavoro e anche se il prodotto finale è fatto a mano. L'architetto italiano ha utilizzato le stesse competenze di modellazione parametriche, affinate lavorando sugli interni degli aerei e delle auto a energia solare, per creare una soluzione sicura e sorprendente.
La scultura pesa 88 kg ed è larga, nel suo punto più ampio, 26 metri. Essa, tuttavia, piomba, nel suo punto più piccolo, a una larghezza di pochi metri.
(Warka Water Towers, dettaglio dell'acqua raccolta nella maglia - Artistic Illustration -
Credits: Architecture and Vision)
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